Stages of Change (i.e. Transtheoretical Model)

Otherwise known as the Stages of Change, the Transtheoretical Model was developed by Prochaska and DiClemente in the late ’70s and suggests that humans experience 6 dynamic stages when making a behavior change (Prochaska, 1979; Prochaska & DiClemente, 1982).

The six stages of change are:

1. Precontemplation

The individual is not intending to change their behavior. They may be uninformed about the consequences of their behavior or lack confidence in their ability to change, sometimes because of previous failed attempts.

2. Contemplation

The individual is intending to change their behavior within the next six months. They can see the benefits of making a change but are also very aware of the disadvantages and challenges, which can keep them stuck in this stage.

3. Preparation

The individual is planning to change their behavior within the next month. They have usually taken some steps already, such as joining a support group, buying a self-help book, finding a coach etc., and have some form of plan in place.

4. Action

The individual has made significant changes to their behavior within the last six months, which has led to a different outcome in their health and/or wellbeing.

5. Maintenance

The individual continues to change their behavior enough to prevent relapse but is not putting as much time and effort into this as in the action stage.

NOTE: Relapse can occur at any stage up to and including this one, going back to any of the earlier stages in the model. People most frequently return to contemplation or preparation for another attempt at changing their behavior (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997).

6. Termination

The individual is no longer tempted to use their old behavior as a coping method and feels confident in their ability to keep this change. It is the state of extinction for 1 behavior to permanent adaptation of a healthier one.